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CCNP Interview Questions and Answers
1. Explain the distinction between switching and routing.
A mail or phone call is routed to the access layer (similar to a street or phone exchange). Finally, switching completes the delivery. The portion of the address that is not utilized for routing (such as the last four digits of a phone number or the street number) chooses to switch.
2. What makes phone numbers and postal addresses routable?
State, city, and street are the three parts of a postal address that can be utilized to deliver mail. An area code and exchange are part of a phone number. Mail can be routed to the next post office using just the state or city and state information at the core layer. Based on the area code, a phone number is supplied at the core layer.
3. Regarding route summary, what does the phrase “information hiding” mean?
In the postal system’s basic layer, state or city/state information is all that is required to determine a routing choice. Since the core layer does not require this information, the precise street names and numbers are concealed.
The area code is utilized in the telephone system’s core layer to determine the best route. It is neither necessary nor concealed from the core layer to know the precise exchange or the last four phone numbers. Review our CCNA course syllabus and learn about the fundamentals.
4. Is there another well-known system that employs a hierarchical delivery method for routing?
The airport system, in response. There are significant hub airports like Denver, Chicago, New York, and Atlanta at the core routing level. The primary airports oversee the movement of passengers and goods to the main regions of the country.
Regional airports, located at the distribution layer, are connected to core airports and service a particular region. Lastly, you have a few options for getting to your final destination: bus, taxi, train, or rental car. You may think of this as the access layer.
5. What does a default route serve as?
If the destination does not have a specific item in the routing database, a default route is utilized.
Instead of having a single protocol that defines everything, why are multiple protocols needed for things like packages, addressing, delivery, and transportation?
Modularity is achieved by using numerous protocols, which enable modifications to one without impacting the others. For instance, if the delivery protocol and the addressing protocol are interdependent, then modifications to one would necessarily require modifications to the other.
6. How is a scalable delivery system made possible by the use of a hierarchical routing structure (access, distribution, and core)?
Every point in the delivery system must keep track of every potential destination address to decide which delivery to make if the system is not separated into access, distribution, and core layers. When a layered system is used, each layer just needs the data required to send data to the layer above or below.
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7. What constitutes an Indian’s phone number’s distribution, access, and fundamental elements?
At the access layer, a specific phone number is identified by its last four digits. At the distribution layer, the next three digits are used to identify an exchange that supports multiple phone numbers. Routing across various regions is done at the core level using the area code.
8. What constitutes a postal address’s essential components, distribution, and access?
The components of the access layer are the street name and number. The component of the distribution layer is the city name. The fundamental layer element is the state name.
This practice is for speed. Decimalize the following binary digits using only your mind.
11100000
11111100
10000000
11110000
00111111
224, 252, 128, 240, and 63 (64 – 1)
To hexadecimal, convert 10100010111101011001110110001011 2?
A2F59D8B
FACE1234 16 can be converted to a dotted decimal.
FA 16 = 250 10, CE16 = 20610, 1216 = 18 10, and 34 16 = 52 10
FACE1234 16 = 250.206.18.52 dotted decimal
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Hardware and Networking Interview Questions and Answers
To a dotted decimal, convert 101000101111010110011101100010112.
Before converting each hexadecimal number pair to decimal, convert to dotted hexadecimal. Following A2.F5.9D.8B, 162.245.157.139
What is the octal equivalent of 101000101111010110011101100010112?
24275316613 8
Either true or false. Is switching between number bases enjoyable?
The response is true.
How do you convert 8 (12345670) to hexadecimal?
Each octal digit should be converted into three binary digits, and the binary output should then be converted to hexadecimal. 0010 1001 1100 1011 1011 1000 001 010 011 100 101
29CBB8
To binary convert 734215 8?
100 010 001 101 111 011
To binary, convert 734215 16?
0110 0001 0101 02 0111 0011 0100
What is the maximum number of networks that Subnet 198.4.81.0/24 can support, each supporting 28 hosts?
198.4.81.0/27, with the following subnets:
198.4.81.32/27
198.4.81.64/27
198.4.81.96/27
198.4.81.128/27
198.4.81.160/27
198.4.81.192/27
198.4.81.224/27
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9. Which states can an EIGRP route be in, and what does it indicate when these states occur?
When a router is in the passive state, a route has a successor. When a router is in the active state, it is actively pinging neighbors to obtain route information because it does not have a viable successor for that route.
10. What distinguishes a classful routing protocol from a classless one?
Network prefixes and subnet mask information are advertised by classless routing protocols. Routing protocols with style don’t. Consequently, all subnets for the primary network number in use must have the same length for a classful protocol to function. Furthermore, discontinuous network prefixes cannot be supported by the classful protocol.
11. How do they determine successors and viable successors, and what is the relationship between reported and feasible distance?
The distance to a route that is sent to another router that is reported by the reporting router is the feasible distance. The stated distance plus the measurement between the routers that report and receive data makes up the feasible distance. The successor path is the one with the shortest possible distance. Feasible successors are any paths whose claimed length is less than the feasible distance.
12. Why are summary routes inside an area prohibited?
Routers within the same area must have comparable OSPF databases. Some routers would have individual routes, while some routers would have summary routes for the routes in the area if route summation was permitted within the area. The local databases would never concur if this were permitted.
To summarize the networks listed below, find the EIGRP command: 10.1.0.0/19.
10.1.32.0/19
10.1.64.0/19
10.1.96.0/19
Since the third byte is where the four prefixes diverge, you must look at that byte: 0 equals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
32 = 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
64 = 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
96 = 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
The mask is 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 and the EIGRP command is ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.1.0.0 255.255.128.0, as the final 7 bits are meaningless.
Which kinds of routes are permitted entry into an NSSA?
OSPF default route, as well as intra- and interarea routes. External routes coming from ASBRs are transformed into N1 or N2 routes, and external routes coming from ABRs are prohibited.
13. What functions do regions provide in an OSPF network?
Areas enable the creation of a network with a hierarchy. Internal OSPF routers can have less routing information by summarizing or blocking specific routes.
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14. Which kinds of paths are permitted to enter a completely stubby area?
OSPF default routes and intra-area routes. In a completely stubby area, OSPF interarea and external routes are not broadcast.
15. What distinguishes an E1 OSPF route from an E2 OSPF route?
The OSPF cost to go to the ASBR and the cost from the ASBR to the external route are both included in an E1 route. Only the cost from the ASBR to the external route is included in an E2 route.
16. Which routes are permitted to enter a stub area?
OSPF default route, as well as intra- and interarea routes. In a stub area, there is no advertising for external routes.
17. Which kinds of routes are permitted to enter an entire NSSA?
OSPF default routes and intra-area routes. External routes coming from ASBRs are transformed into N1 or N2 routes, and external routes coming from ABRs are prohibited.
18. Which three OSPF router kinds are there?
ASBR, ABR, and internal router.
19. Which six OSPF route types are there?
- Intra-Area (O)
- Inter-Area (O IA)
- External Type 1 (E1)
- NSSA Type 1 (N1)
- External Type 2 (E2)
- NSSA Type 2 (N2)
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20. Where in an OSPF network can routes be summarized?
An ABR summarizes OSPF routes. An ASBR summarizes external routes.
21. Which route will be used if a router discovers the same network prefix via RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF?
The administrative distance for EIGRP is ninety. The administrative distance for IGRP is 100. The administrative distance for OSPF is 110. The administrative distance to RIP is 120. As a result, the EIGRP path is recommended.
22. Compare the metrics from OSPF with IS-IS.
The interface bandwidth is used to calculate an OSPF interface measure. Every IS-IS interface metric is set at 10 by default.
23. Could you explain the format and organization of an NSAP address?
An NSAP address is made up of three parts and ranges in length from 8 to 20 bytes:
- One to 13-byte area ID
- Six-byte system ID
- For a router, a single-byte NSAP selector that is always equal to zero
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24. What distinguishes the routes that are automatically permitted into OSPF and IS-IS areas?
Every route is automatically promoted into every OSPF area. This covers external routes injected into OSPF as well as interarea OSPF routes. By default, IS-IS injects a default route into an area instead of advertising external or inter-area routes.
Name four ways that IBGP and EBGP operate differently.
- The protocol utilized by routers within the same autonomous system is called IBGP. The protocol used by routers in various autonomous systems is called EBGP.
- Unless synchronization is deactivated, IBGP routers need to synchronize before they may be moved to the IP routing table.
- When communicating with an EBGP peer, an interface’s IP address is assigned as the next-hop attribute by EBGP. When an IBGP router learns a prefix from an EBGP neighbor and broadcasts it to an IBGP peer, the next-hop attribute remains unchanged.
- Every prefix that an EBGP neighbor teaches its neighbors is advertised to all other EBGP neighbors by EBGP. Prefixes that are acquired from one IBGP neighbor to another are not advertised by IBGP routers.
25. Route leaking: what is it?
Redistributing Level 2 routes as Level 1 routes within a certain area.
Identify every method for adding a prefix to the BGP routing table.
- Moving a router from the IP routing table to the BGP routing table by using the network command.
- Switching over routes between the BGP and IP routing tables.
- Discovered by a BGP neighbor.
26. What distinguishes BGP route summarization from IGP route summarization?
The exact routes of the summary are not announced when an IGP (EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS) is used to construct a summary address. Unless they are silenced explicitly, BGP advertises both the summary and every individual route within the summary.
27. Could you perhaps clarify the distinction between forwarding a multicast IP packet and a unicast IP packet?
- Unicast IP packets are routed according to their destination’s IP address. Multicast packets are routed according to the IP address of origin. A multicast packet is forwarded to multicast neighbors if it is received on the interface that was used to transmit a unicast packet back to the source. The multicast packet is rejected if it is received on an interface that isn’t intended to be used to return a unicast IP packet to the source.
- Finding at least four IP multicast groups with the multicast Ethernet address 01 00 5E 00 40 0C is task number eighteen.
- The multicast Ethernet address is determined by the low-order 32 bits of the IP address. The next five bits are up for grabs, with the first four always being 1 1 1 0. Therefore, the IP multicast addresses that match the multicast Ethernet address 01 00 5E 00 40 0C are:
- 1110 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 1100 = 224.0.64.12
- 1110 0000 1000 0000 0100 0000 1100 = 224.128.64.12
- 1110 0001 0000 0000 0100 0000 1100 = 225.0.64.12
28. Could you explain how Anycast RP works?
Anycast RP operates by employing the anycast addressing method to share the task of overseeing multicast group membership among numerous Rendezvous Points (RPs) within a network.
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Bottom Line
One of the most sought-after qualifications in the networking industry is the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) designation. It is the finest professional decision to pursue a CCNP after earning your Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification.
The above popular CCNP interview questions are the most beneficial to review if you intend to attend a CCNP interview. Yes, interviews can be quite nerve-wracking. Nonetheless, if you are fully conversant with the technology, you may interview with ease. Join our hardware and networking training in Chennai at Softlogic Systems to begin your career in the networking field.
