Java Training

In Java, == is used to compare object references, determining if two references point to the same memory location. The equals() method, however, is used to compare the contents of objects, checking if the data within the objects is equal. For custom objects, it is important to override the equals() method to define logical equality.

Java Streams are part of the Java 8 java.util.stream package, providing a functional approach to processing sequences of elements. They support operations such as filtering, mapping, and reducing in a declarative manner. Streams facilitate operations on collections, enabling efficient and concise data processing.

In Java, the synchronized keyword is employed to guarantee that a specific block of code or object is accessed by only one thread at any given moment. This helps prevent race conditions and ensures thread safety by locking the specified object or method, thus avoiding concurrent modification issues.

Java interfaces are used to define a contract of methods that implementing classes must provide.Interfaces enable multiple inheritance in Java, allowing a class to implement several interfaces simultaneously. Abstract classes, on the other hand, can provide some method implementations and can maintain state, but a class can only extend one abstract class. Interfaces are more flexible for defining roles or capabilities.

The Java Memory Model (JMM) defines how threads interact through memory and how changes made by one thread are visible to others. It ensures consistency and visibility of shared variables in a multi-threaded environment, and provides rules for synchronization, volatile variables, and atomic operations to avoid issues like stale data and concurrency bugs.

Java handles serialization through the Serializable interface, which marks a class whose objects can be converted into a byte stream and saved or transmitted. Deserialization is the reverse process, where the byte stream is converted back into a Java object. The ObjectOutputStream and ObjectInputStream classes are used for these operations.

Lambda expressions, introduced in Java 8, provide a concise way to express instances of functional interfaces (interfaces with a single abstract method). They allow for more readable and less verbose code, especially when working with functional programming concepts. Lambda expressions are used with the java.util.function package to enable functional-style operations on collections and streams.

The volatile keyword in Java is used to signal that a variable’s value may be changed by multiple threads. It ensures that changes to the variable are immediately visible to all threads and prevents the compiler and runtime from applying optimizations that could lead to inconsistencies. This is crucial for ensuring visibility and correctness in multi-threaded applications.

The corporate office of the Softlogic Systems is located at the institute’s K.K.Nagar branch.

Softlogic accepts a wide range of payment methods, including:

• Cash
• Debit cards
• Credit cards (MasterCard, Visa, Maestro)
• Net banking
• UPI
• Including EMI.